I think Richard Walker asked whether or not the Team thinks that concepts of modules are relevant for LaTeX3. well here are my own thoughts, Team or no Team for the moment. i think that looking carefully at the idea of modules for structuring code in some way is relevant for latex3 but i go with Chris who said: > Hans' very interesting ideas are for modules to handle the name-clash > problem at the document-level. > > This is certainly something that needs attention but is probably > independent of L3PL modularization, or maybe there is some overlap? what he points out here with just two sentences that he thinks that there are different levels of modularizations and essentially that a modularization as suggested can't be used for low-level programming and i fully agree with him here. in other words as nice and sensible the modularizations as suggested by Hans or in a different fashion by Volkan are (or may be) they can probably be successfully applied in a layer that is high above the actual programming action, eg perhaps on a document level (as suggested by Chris) or perhaps at one level deeper in a sort of high-level design language that is used to produce certain effects from low-level modules which offer certain functions via such a naming concept. the problem then however is that this is most likely very unsatisfactory if the same concepts can't be applied deeper down. and my claim is they can't (at least not reasonably) why? a) because TeX in its current incarnations (ie TeX3, eTeX, Omega) is a token based interpreter which works only at an acceptable speed if its internal coding is based on tokens which can directly be looked up in a hash table either resulting in a primitive action or into a macro which consist of tokens. the recursion here has to be coming to an end pretty fast and in current TeX code it reasonably does but there are a number of recursions. if you change that to implement a manual lookup functionality on all levels then you will find yourself slowing down the system by i would guess a factor of 50 or more --- and even if these days we are having bigger machines than the one i had when i first saw LaTeX this is still far outside of what is usable. b) a large amount of the language lives due to expansion facilities. this is at the heart of the language like it or not and it mainly works by altering the order of expansions on the token level. now if you get rid of the token level and replace it my a manual lookup mechanism then a large part of the language becomes unusable, and there is nothing you can replace it with. if on the other hand you make the lookup functionality usable with the expansion paradigm then you have to slow down the process even further. if you don't believe me i suggest you try the following medium sized experiment: take the plain TeX format ie plain.tex and replace all tokens \<name> within all macro definitions by, say, !name> and at the very beginning define something like \catcode`\!=\active \def!#1>{\csname#1\endcsname} which would be the simplest case of name lookup. of course this is a bit (or even more than a bit) of handwork to get this going, beside going through all the code you would need to carefully check all the places where the code picks up arguments as single tokens which would now need {...} but it might be worthwhile to try it for two reasons: a) to compare how fast it compiles the TeX book or some comparable document compared to compiling it with the original plain format and b) how big the format gets compared to the original one. b) will be drastic: a current LaTeX format (without any packages loaded) uses about 51088 words of memory before begin document; if the average word length in commands is 10 (which is far too low with a consequent implemented module concept) then this gets basically blown to 500000 which is twice the amount of main mem that i have available on this machine for everything. i just looked: when we compiled the Companion the log file showed 208957 words of memory out of 262141 try to imagine to what size this would grow. so i fear this is impossible. perhaps i'm wrong and if somebody proves me so, so much the better, but it must me something more than just the sketch of an generic idea that makes me believe that this can work with TeX. for this reason our approach for LP3 was to provide a token based language with a module concept being based on conventions rather than absolute force. In other words \module_prog:nnn is a convention and nobody is forced to obey it; we don't think we can enforce that (one could make the above a variable and use it as such or define a command with 1 argument that has this name). but we also think we don't really need to enforce this, assuming that such (or rather a similar) convention is finally adopted. experience with TeX code has shown that people do obey conventions (if they get any:-): look at typical latex code it looks like latex code, unreadable and all, with a few twists depending on who wrote it (ie some people have their special conventions). of course you could surround such a language with a programming front-end that would enforce any concept and help you along be it some emacs more or some fancy gui support. well, so much for my view on this. hope this is not disappointing it is not meant to be but i think that my view is backed from years of programming experience within TeX and in real programming languages frank